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500 BCE to 2000 AD
This region, formerly part of the great Kalinga Empire that stretched up to the river Godavari, has also been mentioned in Hindu and Buddhist texts from the 5th and 6th centuries BCE, as well as by Sanskrit grammarians, Panini and Katyayana in the 4th century BCE.
This city was ruled by several dynasties: the Kalingas during the 7th century, the Chalukyas during the 8th century, the Cholas, and the Qutb Shahis of Golconda, the Mughal Empire, and the Nizams of Hyderabad.
Local legend says that an Andhra king (9-11th century) on his way to Benares rested there. So enchanted was he with the sheer beauty of the place that he ordered a temple to be built in honor of his family deity Visakha. Archaeological sources, however, reveal that the temple was possibly built between the 11th and 12th centuries by the Chola king, Kulothunga Chola I. A shipping merchant, Sankarayya Chetty, built one of the mandapams, or pillared halls of the temple. Though it no longer exists (It may have been washed away about 100 years ago by a cyclonic storm) elderly residents of Vizag talk of visits to the ancient shrine by their grandparents. Noted litterateur Ganapatiraju Atchutarama Raju contradicted this.
In the 18th century, Visakhapatnam was part of the Northern Circars, a region of Coastal Andhra that came first under French control, and was later by the British. Visakhapatnam became a district in the Madras Presidency of British India. After India's independence this was the biggest district in the country and was subsequently divided into the three districts of Srikakulam, Vijayanagaram and Visakhapatnam.
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