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The history of Bhopal dates back to the 11th century A.D., when the legendary King Bhoj built it. It is believed that the name Bhopal is a distortion of the founder's name. However, the region soon came under Mughal rule and remained a part of that empire till the death of the Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 A.D.
After a few years of turmoil, the small princely state of Bhopal and the present-day city, was founded by an Afghan soldier called Dost Mohammad in A.D. 1723. He is said to have assisted Rani Kamlapathi, the queen of the Gond tribals of the Norbada region, in protecting her territory from the attacks at the Rajput Thakurs.
Due to the lack of capable male rulers, the Begums of the royal family ruled Bhopal for close to almost a 100 years after that. The Begums were deeply religious and conservative, led very austere lives, and were keenly interested in the administrative aspects of the state. The third Begum, Nawab Sultan Jahan, was one of the most able rulers of the state.
Her son Nawab Hamidullah ascended the masnad (throne) in A.D. 1926, and was deeply involved in the political developments of his time. He had believed it imperative for the princes to remain united during Partition and advocated this strongly in his capacity as Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes. Bhopal was one of the last states to sign the 'Instrument of Accession' in A.D. 1947. Thus, it was under him that Bhopal's transition from a sleepy town into a major developing metropolis took place.
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